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Forklift lifespan hinges on usage intensity and upkeep, with well-maintained electric models averaging 15,000-20,000 hours (12-15 years) versus IC units’ 10,000-12,000 hours (8-10 years) due to engine wear. Duty cycles—3 shifts at 80% capacity—accelerate depreciation 20% yearly, mitigated by adhering to 75% load thresholds and bi-annual hydraulic overhauls costing $1,500. Components like masts, lasting 18,000 hours with 2% stretch tolerance, and tires, replaced every 2,000 hours at $800 each, dictate longevity. Preventive maintenance—daily grease, quarterly filter changes—cuts downtime 15%, while telematics flags bearing failures 300 hours ahead, saving $2,000 in rebuilds. Environmental factors, like salt exposure cutting steel life 30%, necessitate corrosion-proof coatings ($500 upfront). Resale values, tracked via Ritchie Bros. auctions, hold 50% after 5 years for Toyota electrics versus 35% for diesel Hysters, with overhauls at 8,000 hours restoring 90% efficiency. Operator training reduces misuse-related wear by 25%, and parts standardization (e.g., Cat’s 90% compatibility) eases repairs. Optimal lifespan maximizes ROI, targeting 85% utilization over a decade.